Fireresistant Cables Key Choices for Life Safety Systems

Imagine a sudden fire outbreak where crucial firefighting equipment fails due to power disruption—the consequences could be catastrophic. In emergency situations like fires, fire-resistant cables play a vital role in ensuring the continuous operation of life-saving equipment. This article examines FP and FPC cables, their characteristics, applications, and selection criteria to help build robust safety defenses.

FP cables (Fire Proof or Flame Protection Cables) are specially designed to maintain electrical supply under fire conditions. Primarily used for powering fire protection equipment such as emergency circuits, these cables are engineered to transmit electricity even in extreme heat.

According to Japan's Fire Service Act Notice No. 10 "Standard for Fire-Resistant Wires," FP cables must withstand temperatures up to 840°C for 30 minutes while continuously supplying power to firefighting systems. This rigorous standard ensures critical equipment remains operational during evacuations and fire suppression efforts.

The Japan Cable Manufacturers' Association (JCS) specifications provide detailed performance and testing standards:

• JCS 4506 for low-voltage fire-resistant cables
• JCS 4507 for high-voltage fire-resistant cables
• JCS 7502 for cable fire resistance testing methods (small furnace)

The General Incorporated Association Wire and Cable Technology Center (JECTEC), a Ministry of Internal Affairs registered certification body, verifies FP cable compliance. Certified FP and FPC cables bear these markings:

• トウロクニンテイキカンJCT[ニンテイ] FP
• トウロクニンテイキカンJCT[ニンテイ] FP-C

Given their superior fire resistance and higher costs, FP cables are typically mandated only where legally required. These cables are designed for exposed installations on cable trays or similar structures—conduit installation is prohibited.

Unlike FP cables, FPC (FP-C) cables are specifically engineered for conduit installation while maintaining fire-resistant properties. This design accommodates circuits requiring both physical protection and fire resistance.

Not all fire safety equipment requires FP/FPC cables. Devices with built-in emergency power sources, such as indicator lights and fire alarm receivers, typically don't need external cabling. However, equipment like smoke exhaust fans, fire hydrants, and emergency elevators often rely on external power sources, making FP/FPC cables essential.

Even fire-resistant cables may eventually fail in prolonged fires. System designers must account for evacuation timelines when selecting cables to ensure uninterrupted power during critical periods.

The cable industry has developed more environmentally friendly "eco-cables" that minimize harmful emissions and improve recyclability. FP cable variants include:

• EM-FP cables: Cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables with fire-resistant polyolefin sheathing. These offer excellent electrical/thermal performance with low smoke emission and halogen-free composition.
• NH-FP cables: Silicone rubber insulated cables with superior fire resistance, maintaining insulation at higher temperatures. The silicone material preserves electrical integrity even post-combustion.

While FP cables represent a significant investment, they are crucial for fire safety. Key selection factors include:

• Application environment: Indoor/outdoor use, moisture exposure
• Voltage requirements: Matching equipment specifications
• Current capacity: Appropriate conductor sizing
• Fire resistance level: Compliance with safety regulations
• Environmental considerations: EM-FP or NH-FP for reduced hazards
• Installation method: FP for exposed runs, FPC for conduit

FP and FPC cables form the backbone of fire safety infrastructure. Understanding their properties and proper selection criteria enables the implementation of reliable emergency systems that protect lives when seconds count.